​Overview

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Volcanoes National Park, located in Rwanda’s far north, is a spectacular protected area made up of towering volcanoes, mist-covered forests, and some of the world’s richest biodiversity. Covering about 160 km², the park is part of the Virunga Massif — a chain of eight ancient volcanoes shared by Rwanda, Uganda, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. This legendary landscape is the sanctuary of Rwanda’s iconic mountain gorillas, rare golden monkeys, and a wide variety of Afro-alpine wildlife.

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Vegetation & Ecosystems 

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Volcanoes National Park is known for its dramatic ecological zones that change with elevation:

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• Bamboo Forest (2,500–3,000 m)

Thick stands of bamboo dominate the lower slopes. This zone is especially important as it provides food and habitat for golden monkeys and mountain gorillas.

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• Hagenia–Hypericum Forest (3,000–3,500 m)

A beautiful mid-altitude forest with moss-covered trees, giant ferns, and rich birdlife. This zone is commonly traversed during gorilla treks.

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• Sub-alpine Zone (3,500–4,000 m)

Characterized by tall heather trees, shrubby vegetation, and open forest patches. A unique Afro-mountain ecosystem found only in the Rift Valley highlands.

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• Afro-alpine Zone (Above 4,000 m)

Home to spectacular plants such as giant lobelias and senecios. This zone is accessed during volcano hikes like Mt. Karisimbi and Mt. Bisoke.

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Wildlife of Volcanoes National Park

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1. Mountain Gorillas

The park is one of the last remaining refuges for critically endangered mountain gorillas. Several habituated families live here, allowing visitors to trek through the forest for an intimate, one-hour encounter an unforgettable experience and a major highlight of any trip to Rwanda.

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2. Golden Monkeys

Found mainly in the bamboo forests, golden monkeys are playful, brightly colored primates found only in the Virunga region. Golden monkey trekking is a unique and less strenuous alternative to gorilla trekking.

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3. Birdlife

With over 200 species recorded, the park is a haven for Albertine Rift endemics. Notable species include:

• Rwenzori turaco

• Handsome francolin

• Archer’s robin-chat

• Collared apalis

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4. Other Mammals

Though rarely seen, the park hosts several species including:

• Forest elephants

• Forest buffaloes

• Duikers

• Bush pigs

• Spotted hyenas

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Conservation & History

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• One of Africa’s Oldest National Parks

Volcanoes National Park was established in 1925 to protect mountain gorillas — making it one of the first protected areas on the continent.

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• Dian Fossey’s Legacy

Famous primatologist Dian Fossey conducted groundbreaking research on mountain gorillas from her Karisoke Research Center. Her work helped save these majestic animals from extinction. Visitors can hike to her tomb, a powerful and moving experience.

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• Community-Centered Conservation

Tourism revenue directly supports:

• Anti-poaching patrols

• Gorilla habitat protection

• Community projects and revenue sharing

• Former poacher transformation programs

Volcanoes National Park is one of the clearest success stories of conservation through tourism.

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Activities Inside the Park

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1. Gorilla Trekking

The main activity and one of Africa’s most iconic wildlife experiences. Trekking can take 1–6 hours depending on gorilla family location.

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2. Golden Monkey Trekking

A shorter and lively trek into the bamboo forests to observe large troops of golden monkeys.

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3. Mount Bisoke Crater Lake Hike

A full-day hike to the summit of Mt. Bisoke (3,711 m) ending at a stunning crater lake.

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4. Mount Karisimbi 2-Day Hike

A challenging adventure to the highest volcano in the Virunga range (4,507 m).

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5. Dian Fossey Tomb Hike

A historical and emotional trek to the former Karisoke site between Bisoke and Karisimbi.

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6. Birdwatching & Nature Walks

Guided walks offer chances to see forest birds, butterflies, and diverse vegetation zones.

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Activities Around the Park (Musanze & Surroundings)

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• Iby’Iwacu / Gorilla Guardians Cultural Village

A cultural immersion experience showcasing traditional dances, local crafts, stories, and conservation efforts by former poachers turned guides.

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• Musanze Caves

Ancient volcanic caves formed thousands of years ago, a great add-on to any trekking itinerary.

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• Twin Lakes of Burera and Ruhondo

Beautiful viewpoints, canoe rides, birding, and local community interactions.

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• Lake Kivu (Gisenyi)

Only 1.5 hours away, perfect for relaxing after gorilla trekking, with beaches, boat rides, and scenic sunsets.

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Why Visit Volcanoes National Park

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• One of the few places on Earth to see mountain gorillas.

• A model of successful conservation and responsible tourism.

• A landscape filled with volcanoes, misty forests, and wildlife unique to the Albertine Rift.

• Ideal for adventure lovers, conservation-minded travelers, and anyone seeking a profound connection with nature.

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